Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease? Wrong! If the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME--> | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 23596 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|21||k|20--> | ICD9 = {{ICD9|530.81--> | ICDO = | OMIM = 109350 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 857 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|1177--> {{eMedicine2|radio|300--> | MeshID = D005764 | -->Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD; or GORD when spelling œsophageal, the British English form) is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagusDeVault KR, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1434-42. PMID 10364004..

This is commonly due to transient or permanent changes in the barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. This can be due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), transient LES relaxation, impaired expulsion of gastric reflux from the esophagus, or a hiatal hernia.

Symptoms Adults Heartburn is the major symptom of acid in the esophagus, characterized by burning discomfort behind the breastbone (sternum). Findings in GERD include esophagitis (reflux esophagitis) — inflammation changes in the esophageal lining (mucosa) —, Stenosis, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and chronic chest pain. Patients may have only one of those findings. Typical GERD symptoms include cough, hoarseness, voice changes, chronic ear ache, burning chest pains, nausea or sinusitis. GERD complications include stricture formation, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal ulcers, and possibly even lead to esophageal cancer, especially in adults over 60 years old.

Occasional heartburn is common but does not necessarily mean one has GERD. Patients with heartburn symptoms more than once a week are at risk of developing GERD. A hiatal hernia is usually asymptomatic, but the presence of a hiatal hernia is a risk factor for developing GERD.

Children GERD may be difficult to detect in infants and children. Symptoms may vary from typical adult symptoms. GERD in children may cause repeated vomiting, effortless spitting up, coughing, and other respiratory problems. Inconsolable crying, failure to gain adequate weight, refusing food, bad breath, and belching or burping are also common. Children may have one symptom or many — no single symptom is universal in all children with GERD.

It is estimated that of the approximately 8 million babies born in the U.S. each year, up to 35% of them may have difficulties with reflux in the first few months of their life. Most of those children will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday. However, a small but significant number of them will not outgrow the condition.

Babies' immature digestive systems are usually the cause, and most infants stop having acid reflux by the time they reach their first birthday. Some children do not outgrow acid reflux, however, and continue to have it into their teen years. Children that have had heartburn that does not seem to go away, or any other GERD symptoms for a while, should talk to their parents and visit their doctor.

Diagnosis image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach. This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing

A detailed history taking is vital to the diagnosis. Useful investigations may include barium swallow X-rays, esophageal manometry, 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). In general, an EGD is done when the patient does not respond well to treatment, or has alarm symptoms including: dysphagia, anemia, blood in the stool (detected chemically), asthma, weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate once-in-a-lifetime endoscopy for patients with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of Barrett's esophagus, a precursor lesion for esophageal cancer.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (a form of endoscopy) involves insertion of a thin scope through the mouth and throat into the esophagus and stomach (often while the patient is sedated) in order to assess the internal surfaces of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Biopsy can be performed during gastroscopy and these may show:

Pathophysiology GERD is caused by a failure of the Anti-Reflux Barrier (ARB) and its primary component, the GastroEsophageal valve (GEV). The understanding of the GEV has continued to progress in recent years, and more focus is currently being placed on the GEV, rather than the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), as the largest contributor to the ARB. Researchers have shown the GEV's robust nature and have shown that the intact GEV alone is highly competent to stop reflux. For example, in cadavers, where no muscle tone or LES pressure is present, the stomach ruptures when filled with water before reflux can occur. This shows the GEV's power to stop reflux even in the absence of any LES pressure.

In healthy patients, the "Angle of His," the angle at which the esophagus enters the stomach, is intact creating a valve that prevents duodenal bile, enzymes, and stomach acid from traveling back into the esophagus where it can cause burning and inflammation of sensitive esophageal tissue.

Another paradoxical cause of GERD-like symptoms is not enough stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). The valve that empties the stomach into the intestines is triggered by acidity. If there is not enough acid, this valve does not open and the stomach contents are churned up into the esophagus. However, there is still enough acidity to irritate the esophagus.

Factors that can contribute to GERD are:

GERD has been linked to laryngitis, chronic cough, pulmonary fibrosis, earache, and asthma, even when not clinically apparent, as well as to laryngopharyngeal reflux and ulcers of the vocal cords. There appears to be an association with sleep apnea, although its conjectural relationship with GERD remains unproven. and PMID 17198758.

Treatment The rubric "lifestyle modifications" is the term physicians use when recommending non-drug GERD treatments. A 2006 review suggested that evidence for most dietary interventions is anecdotal; only weight loss and elevating the head of the bed were supported by evidence. A subsequent randomized crossover study showed benefit by avoiding eating two hours before bed.

Foods Certain foods and lifestyle are considered to promote gastroesophageal reflux:

Positional therapy Sleeping on one's left side has been shown to drastically reduce nighttime reflux episodes in patients.Khoury RM, Camacho-Lobato L, Katz PO, Mohiuddin MA, Castell DO. Influence of spontaneous sleep positions on nighttime recumbent reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2069-73. PMID 10445529..

Elevating the head of the bed is also effective. When combining drug therapy, food avoidance before bedtime, and elevation of the head of the bed, over 95% of patients will have complete relief. Additional conservative measures may be considered if there is incomplete relief. Another approach is to apply all conservative measures for maximum response. A meta-analysis suggested that elevating the head of bed is an effective therapy, although this conclusion was only supported by nonrandomized studies .

Elevating the head of the bed can be done by using various items: plastic or wooden bed risers that support bed posts or legs, a bed wedge pillow, or a wedge or an inflatable mattress lifter that fits in between mattress and box spring. The height of the elevation is critical and must be at least 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in order to be at least minimally effective to prevent the backflow of gastric fluids. It should be noted that some innerspring mattresses do not work well when inclined and tend to cause back pain, thus foam based mattresses are to be preferred. Moreover, some use higher degrees of incline than provided by the commonly suggested 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) and claim greater success.

Drug treatment A number of drugs are registered for GERD treatment, and they are among the most-often-prescribed forms of medication in most Western countries. They can be used in combination with other drugs, although some antacids can interfere with the function of other drugs:

Posture and GERD In adults, a slouched posture is an important factor contributing to GERD. With a slouched posture there is no straight path between the stomach and esophagus; muscles around the esophagus go into a spasm. Gas and acidity get blocked in the spasm, causing coughing and other asthma-like symptoms. A meta-analysis suggested that elevating the head of the bed is an effective therapy, although this conclusion was only supported by nonrandomized studies.

Surgical treatment The standard surgical treatment, sometimes preferred over longtime use of medication, is the Nissen fundoplication. The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. The procedure is often done Laparoscopic surgery.

An obsolete treatment is vagotomy ("highly selective vagotomy"), the surgical removal of vagus nerve branches that innervate the stomach lining. This treatment has been largely replaced by medication.

Endoluminal fundoplication In June 2006 EndoGastric Solutions introduced EsophyX ELF in the Europe Union as an alternative to surgical and pharmaceutical approaches for GERD treatment. EsophyX ELF is intended to deliver similar benefits as the time-proven laparoscopic fundoplication procedures, by reducing hiatal hernia, recreating the Angle of His, and creating a GastroEsophageal Valve (GEV). The key differences are that EsophyX ELF is an endoscopic non-invasive procedure that is performed transorally (through the mouth), does not require incisions, and does not dissect any part of the natural anatomy.

Previous endoluminal treatments focused predominantly on the LES. However, failure to effectively treat reflux long-term with endoluminal therapies that focused only on the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) combined with the fact that surgical approaches like Nissen fundoplication recreate the GEV and have excellent long-term efficacy, has led to an awareness that the GEV is probably the most powerful component of the Anti-Reflux Barrier. The device has been designed to deploy multiple tissue fasteners to create a robust and durable valve and is intended to restore the geometry of the GastroEsophageal Junction and recreate the natural, unidirectional valve mechanism necessary to prevent GERD. EsophyX ELF has recently been cleared by the US FDA and is now available in the U.S.

Other treatments In 2000 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two endoscopy devices to treat chronic heartburn. One system, Endocinch, puts stitches in the LES to create little pleats that help strengthen the muscle. Another, the stretta procedure, uses electrodes to apply radio frequency energy to the LES. The long term outcomes of both procedures compared to a Nissen fundoplication are still being determined.

Subsequently the NDO Surgical Plicator was FDA cleared for the endoscopic GERD treatment. The Plicator creates a plication, or fold, of tissue near the gastroesophageal junction, and fixates the plication with a suture-based implant. The Plicator is currently marketed by NDO Surgical, Inc. .

Another treatment that involved injection of a solution during endoscopy into the lower esophageal wall was available for about one year ending in late 2005. It was marketed under the name Enteryx. It was removed from the market due to several reports of complications from misplaced injections.

Barrett's esophagus Barrett's esophagus, a type of dysplasia, is a precursor high-grade dysplasia, which is in turn a precursor condition for carcinoma. The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia is uncertain but is estimated to include 0.1% to 0.5% of cases, and has probably been exaggerated in the past. Due to the risk of chronic heartburn progressing to Barrett's, EGD every 5 years is recommended for patients with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD.

References External links

{{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME--> | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 23596 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|21||k|20--> | ICD9 = {{ICD9|530.81--> | ICDO = | OMIM = 109350 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 857 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|1177--> {{eMedicine2|radio|300--> | MeshID = D005764 | -->Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD; or GORD when spelling œsophageal, the British English form) is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagusDeVault KR, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1434-42. PMID 10364004..

This is commonly due to transient or permanent changes in the barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. This can be due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), transient LES relaxation, impaired expulsion of gastric reflux from the esophagus, or a hiatal hernia.

Symptoms Adults Heartburn is the major symptom of acid in the esophagus, characterized by burning discomfort behind the breastbone (sternum). Findings in GERD include esophagitis (reflux esophagitis) — inflammation changes in the esophageal lining (mucosa) —, Stenosis, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and chronic chest pain. Patients may have only one of those findings. Typical GERD symptoms include cough, hoarseness, voice changes, chronic ear ache, burning chest pains, nausea or sinusitis. GERD complications include stricture formation, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal ulcers, and possibly even lead to esophageal cancer, especially in adults over 60 years old.

Occasional heartburn is common but does not necessarily mean one has GERD. Patients with heartburn symptoms more than once a week are at risk of developing GERD. A hiatal hernia is usually asymptomatic, but the presence of a hiatal hernia is a risk factor for developing GERD.

Children GERD may be difficult to detect in infants and children. Symptoms may vary from typical adult symptoms. GERD in children may cause repeated vomiting, effortless spitting up, coughing, and other respiratory problems. Inconsolable crying, failure to gain adequate weight, refusing food, bad breath, and belching or burping are also common. Children may have one symptom or many — no single symptom is universal in all children with GERD.

It is estimated that of the approximately 8 million babies born in the U.S. each year, up to 35% of them may have difficulties with reflux in the first few months of their life. Most of those children will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday. However, a small but significant number of them will not outgrow the condition.

Babies' immature digestive systems are usually the cause, and most infants stop having acid reflux by the time they reach their first birthday. Some children do not outgrow acid reflux, however, and continue to have it into their teen years. Children that have had heartburn that does not seem to go away, or any other GERD symptoms for a while, should talk to their parents and visit their doctor.

Diagnosis image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach. This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing

A detailed history taking is vital to the diagnosis. Useful investigations may include barium swallow X-rays, esophageal manometry, 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). In general, an EGD is done when the patient does not respond well to treatment, or has alarm symptoms including: dysphagia, anemia, blood in the stool (detected chemically), asthma, weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate once-in-a-lifetime endoscopy for patients with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of Barrett's esophagus, a precursor lesion for esophageal cancer.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (a form of endoscopy) involves insertion of a thin scope through the mouth and throat into the esophagus and stomach (often while the patient is sedated) in order to assess the internal surfaces of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Biopsy can be performed during gastroscopy and these may show:

Pathophysiology GERD is caused by a failure of the Anti-Reflux Barrier (ARB) and its primary component, the GastroEsophageal valve (GEV). The understanding of the GEV has continued to progress in recent years, and more focus is currently being placed on the GEV, rather than the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), as the largest contributor to the ARB. Researchers have shown the GEV's robust nature and have shown that the intact GEV alone is highly competent to stop reflux. For example, in cadavers, where no muscle tone or LES pressure is present, the stomach ruptures when filled with water before reflux can occur. This shows the GEV's power to stop reflux even in the absence of any LES pressure.

In healthy patients, the "Angle of His," the angle at which the esophagus enters the stomach, is intact creating a valve that prevents duodenal bile, enzymes, and stomach acid from traveling back into the esophagus where it can cause burning and inflammation of sensitive esophageal tissue.

Another paradoxical cause of GERD-like symptoms is not enough stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). The valve that empties the stomach into the intestines is triggered by acidity. If there is not enough acid, this valve does not open and the stomach contents are churned up into the esophagus. However, there is still enough acidity to irritate the esophagus.

Factors that can contribute to GERD are:

GERD has been linked to laryngitis, chronic cough, pulmonary fibrosis, earache, and asthma, even when not clinically apparent, as well as to laryngopharyngeal reflux and ulcers of the vocal cords. There appears to be an association with sleep apnea, although its conjectural relationship with GERD remains unproven. and PMID 17198758.

Treatment The rubric "lifestyle modifications" is the term physicians use when recommending non-drug GERD treatments. A 2006 review suggested that evidence for most dietary interventions is anecdotal; only weight loss and elevating the head of the bed were supported by evidence. A subsequent randomized crossover study showed benefit by avoiding eating two hours before bed.

Foods Certain foods and lifestyle are considered to promote gastroesophageal reflux:

Positional therapy Sleeping on one's left side has been shown to drastically reduce nighttime reflux episodes in patients.Khoury RM, Camacho-Lobato L, Katz PO, Mohiuddin MA, Castell DO. Influence of spontaneous sleep positions on nighttime recumbent reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2069-73. PMID 10445529..

Elevating the head of the bed is also effective. When combining drug therapy, food avoidance before bedtime, and elevation of the head of the bed, over 95% of patients will have complete relief. Additional conservative measures may be considered if there is incomplete relief. Another approach is to apply all conservative measures for maximum response. A meta-analysis suggested that elevating the head of bed is an effective therapy, although this conclusion was only supported by nonrandomized studies .

Elevating the head of the bed can be done by using various items: plastic or wooden bed risers that support bed posts or legs, a bed wedge pillow, or a wedge or an inflatable mattress lifter that fits in between mattress and box spring. The height of the elevation is critical and must be at least 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in order to be at least minimally effective to prevent the backflow of gastric fluids. It should be noted that some innerspring mattresses do not work well when inclined and tend to cause back pain, thus foam based mattresses are to be preferred. Moreover, some use higher degrees of incline than provided by the commonly suggested 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) and claim greater success.

Drug treatment A number of drugs are registered for GERD treatment, and they are among the most-often-prescribed forms of medication in most Western countries. They can be used in combination with other drugs, although some antacids can interfere with the function of other drugs:

Posture and GERD In adults, a slouched posture is an important factor contributing to GERD. With a slouched posture there is no straight path between the stomach and esophagus; muscles around the esophagus go into a spasm. Gas and acidity get blocked in the spasm, causing coughing and other asthma-like symptoms. A meta-analysis suggested that elevating the head of the bed is an effective therapy, although this conclusion was only supported by nonrandomized studies.

Surgical treatment The standard surgical treatment, sometimes preferred over longtime use of medication, is the Nissen fundoplication. The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. The procedure is often done Laparoscopic surgery.

An obsolete treatment is vagotomy ("highly selective vagotomy"), the surgical removal of vagus nerve branches that innervate the stomach lining. This treatment has been largely replaced by medication.

Endoluminal fundoplication In June 2006 EndoGastric Solutions introduced EsophyX ELF in the Europe Union as an alternative to surgical and pharmaceutical approaches for GERD treatment. EsophyX ELF is intended to deliver similar benefits as the time-proven laparoscopic fundoplication procedures, by reducing hiatal hernia, recreating the Angle of His, and creating a GastroEsophageal Valve (GEV). The key differences are that EsophyX ELF is an endoscopic non-invasive procedure that is performed transorally (through the mouth), does not require incisions, and does not dissect any part of the natural anatomy.

Previous endoluminal treatments focused predominantly on the LES. However, failure to effectively treat reflux long-term with endoluminal therapies that focused only on the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) combined with the fact that surgical approaches like Nissen fundoplication recreate the GEV and have excellent long-term efficacy, has led to an awareness that the GEV is probably the most powerful component of the Anti-Reflux Barrier. The device has been designed to deploy multiple tissue fasteners to create a robust and durable valve and is intended to restore the geometry of the GastroEsophageal Junction and recreate the natural, unidirectional valve mechanism necessary to prevent GERD. EsophyX ELF has recently been cleared by the US FDA and is now available in the U.S.

Other treatments In 2000 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two endoscopy devices to treat chronic heartburn. One system, Endocinch, puts stitches in the LES to create little pleats that help strengthen the muscle. Another, the stretta procedure, uses electrodes to apply radio frequency energy to the LES. The long term outcomes of both procedures compared to a Nissen fundoplication are still being determined.

Subsequently the NDO Surgical Plicator was FDA cleared for the endoscopic GERD treatment. The Plicator creates a plication, or fold, of tissue near the gastroesophageal junction, and fixates the plication with a suture-based implant. The Plicator is currently marketed by NDO Surgical, Inc. .

Another treatment that involved injection of a solution during endoscopy into the lower esophageal wall was available for about one year ending in late 2005. It was marketed under the name Enteryx. It was removed from the market due to several reports of complications from misplaced injections.

Barrett's esophagus Barrett's esophagus, a type of dysplasia, is a precursor high-grade dysplasia, which is in turn a precursor condition for carcinoma. The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia is uncertain but is estimated to include 0.1% to 0.5% of cases, and has probably been exaggerated in the past. Due to the risk of chronic heartburn progressing to Barrett's, EGD every 5 years is recommended for patients with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD.

References External links



Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (American English and Canadian English) or Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (British English, Hiberno-English, Australian English, New Zealand ...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Overview - Introduction
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) occurs when stomach acid leaks back up into the oesophagus. This is known as acid reflux. The oesophagus is the tube that runs from your ...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
When symptoms of heartburn or acid indigestion are frequent or can't be attributed to spicy ingredients, it could be gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). And it can be a problem ...

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Acid Reflux, Heartburn) Causes ...
Learn about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, acid reflux, heartburn) symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and nausea. Causes, diagnosis, treatment and ...

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Alternative Names Return to top. Peptic esophagitis; Reflux esophagitis; GERD; Heartburn - chronic. Definition Return to top. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a ...

Patient Education Tutorials: GERD
Accessibility Notice: The interactive multimedia tutorial is accessible without a screen-reader. The Text Summary is screen-reader accessible.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Introduction - Health encyclopaedia ...
Acid reflux that causes indigestion and heartburn ... What is GORD? Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) occurs when stomach acid leaks back up into the oesophagus.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Answers to your questions about gastroesophageal reflux disease and more! Information you can trust: patient guides, the latest news, tips, tools, animations and newsletters.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | GERD Resource Center | Medscape
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often referred to as reflux or acid reflux and commonly presents as chronic heartburn. GERD affects a significant percentage of the US ...

eMedicine - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease : Article by Piero Marco ...
Dr. Marco Patti offers a medical review of GERD and its symptoms such as heartburn, cough, and laryngitis.

 

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease



 
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